Case Study...#2

2. What impact has there been on the way in which the audience now consume the media products/texts involved in your case study? How does it differ from what went before?

Everything is online!!!!
Audiences have more control over what they view and how they use social networking site whether its for promotion or personal use such as interacting with friends and family, as this allows the to share,exchange and gain knowledge about the latest news all over the world. Audince have more power over what they consume and what they don't.

"Technology has made information accessible to everyone irrespective of his location" By:Ernest Owusu-Dapaa

"Consumers are no longer passive but, they are active producers"

Social Media Revolution 2010:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NB_P-_NUdLw&NR=1

In today’s generation and mediated culture, people have adapted the idea of becoming much more dependent on social networking sites and relying on the Internet for activities such as socializing, arranging meetings, business promotions ect which would have been done in person years ago, however everyone seems to be so busy with their lives these days, they don’t have the time to socialize face to face anymore and therefore find it easier to interact and contact others via networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter, the dependency on the Internet had made is more accessible to use as it suits each individual’s life style. According to Sherry Turkle we are: “ Under the illusion of allowing us to communicate better, it is actually isolating us from real human interactions in a cyber- reality is a poor imitation of the real world”


Whilst Evgeny Morozov seems to think the more people use social networking get lazier and less reliable people will get. “Social media has bred a generation of "slacktivists". It has made people lazy and enshrined the illusion that clicking a mouse is a form of activism equal to real world donations of money and time". This emphasises on the negative impact social networking has on society and the young generation of today. This is suggested by ‘The online Sub- Life’ (Guardian) “ MySpace has been sucked into its own black hole recently, cutting 500 employees and admitting that they’re no longer battling binary codes with Facebook”.

This can also suggest that people are forgetting to communicate in the traditional way as websites and the reach engine can be accessed anywhere anytime suitable to the person and their needs, for example the Internet can be accessed on new smart phones, laptops, computers etc. As Marshall McLuhan said: "The future of the book is the blur", implying that because as technological advance people are less readying more newspapers and book like the old fashioned way. This has also had a big impact on how people communicate, “Traditional courtship has been negatively impacted via online dating by removing the element of conversation”. This clearly suggests that even though new and digital media has had a changing effect on how people use the Internet and social networking but it has its negative aspects on society as well.

Case Study...#1

The Impact of New and Digital Media Case Study:

1. Has new and digital media had an impact upon ownership and control of the media institutions involved in your case study? Explain in detail any impact and what exactly has changed.

Social networking sites have change the way people communicate and interact, through the use of new and digital media.Social networking has become a community of its own online,with thousands joining social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter everyday, which has developed dramatically over the last 5-10 years.As a result the growing cutler of social networking has had a great impact on other institutions such print,newspaper and adverting.

Facebook: The founder of Facebook was Zuckerberg in February 2004 whilst he was studying at Harvard. Facebook has over 1,700 employees and offices in 12 countries. With users reaching a sky high 0f 600 million by the start of 2011 as seers may create a personal profile, add other users as friends and exchange messages, including automatic notifications when they update their profile. Additionally, users may join common interest user groups, organized by workplace, school, or college, or other characteristics. Mark Zuckerberg owns 24% of the company share, Accel Partners owns 10%, Digital Sky Technologies owns 10%, Dustin Moskovitz owns 6%, Eduardo Saverin owns 5%, Sean Parker owns 4%, Peter Thiel owns 3%, Greylock Partners and Meritech Capital Partners own between 1 to 2% each, Microsoft owns 1.3%, Li Ka-shing owns 0.75%, the Interpublic Group owns less than 0.5%, a small group of current and former employees and celebrities own less than 1% each, celebrity's such as Matt Cohler, Jeff Rothschild, Adam D'Angelo, Chris Hughes, and Owen Van Natta, while Reid Hoffman and Mark Pincus have sizable holdings of the company, and the remaining 30% or so are owned by employees, an undisclosed number of celebrities, and outside investors. Most of their revenue comes from advertising as they don’t charge their customers.

Twitter was founded by:

Twitter was founded by Jack Dorsey in July 2006, soon after the setup twitter had over millions of users, Twitter is used by many celebrities who promote and advertise their materials, celebrities such as Rihanna, Kim kardashin, Katie price ect. Auden ice and fans also join twitter as it has a highly star appeal to it. To to days generations starts such as Justin Bieber have increased the amount of fans joining twitter as he appeals to the younger gradations between the ages of 12-16. As chief executive officer, Dorsey saw the start-up through two rounds of capital funding by the venture capitalists who backed the company up and help to set twitter up. Williams took over the role of CEO, and Dorsey became chairman of the board. On October 4, 2010, Williams announced that he was stepping down as CEO. Dick Costolo, formerly Twitters chief operating officer, became CEO. Twitter currently Have more than 340 employees and this amount is growing.

In order to expand their insinuation, Microsoft has developed twitter micro-blogging service for business and advertising. The Research Office Talk, which is still not a finished product that Microsoft would find out, let’s use the benefits of “social media” in companies without the associated risks. This plan has been setup especially for the younger people in business so that they don’t miss out when working on the possibilities of Web 2.0 and Social Media. Many companies therefore make concessions, sometimes there are no clear rules. These involve social media offerings such as “Facebook” and “Twitter” risks to the safety of technical systems and trade secrets. About Social Media, information quickly with the wrong people divided, whether by accident or because of lack of awareness.

Weblink:http://wisdo.co.cc/microsoft-develops-twitter-micro-blogging-service-for-businesses

Myspace: ( the down fall)

MySpace was founded by: Tom Anderson in July 2003. MySpace was once used by thousands of teenagers, before the development of Facebook which as a result damaged the success of MySpace which only lived for a short amount; as a result MySpace lost a great deal of fans and user as Facebook offered a better service and more power for users to create their own profiles, share and exchange ideas ect.

According to sherly turkel there is no sign of anyone deleting or remove their profiles on social networking site: "Lets face it, i see no sign of anyone unplugging". this shows that then grow of social networking is not slowing down any time soon as more and more people join everyday. Myspace institution and the company become powerless after the growth of Facebook and Twitter.

Case Study Quotes/theories:

=>Sherry Turkle: ('Alone Together'book)

"A behaviour that has become typical may still express the problems that once caused us to see it as pathological,"

"technology is threatening to dominate our lives and make us less human. Under the illusion of allowing us to communicate better, it is actually isolating us from real human interactions in a cyber-reality that is a poor imitation of the real world"

"It is a huge backlash. The different kinds of communication that people are using have become something that scares people,"

"Lets face it, i see no sign of anyone unplugging"

The Social Network has been seen as a thinly veiled attack on the social media generation, suggesting that Facebook was created by "people who failed to fit in with the real world".

"We have invented inspiring and enhancing technologies, yet we have allowed them to diminish us,"

=>Evgeny Morozov: (The Net Delusion)

Social media has bred a generation of "slacktivists". It has made people lazy and enshrined the illusion that clicking a mouse is a form of activism equal to real world donations of money and time"

=>Karl Marx:"The rich will do anything for the poor but get off their backs."

"The production of too many useful things results in too many useless people."

=>Marshall McLuhan: "The medium is the message or the medium of a grown social subject". (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/marshall_Mcluhan)

"The future of the book is the blur"

"as technology advances, it reverses the characteristics of every situation again and again. The age of automation is going to be the age of 'do it yourself" (1957)

=>Hegemony:Antonio Gramsci

"the systems of power cannot be maintained by force alone. People have to do things, willingly and happily to keep the powerful people on top". (http://www.suite101.com/content/hegemony-and-media-studies-a52278)

"The dominance or leadership of one social group or nation over others.
'subordinated groups accept the ideas, values and readership of dominant groups"(Strinati,1995)

=>Marxist Media Theory:Althusser, Daniel Chandler,(2000)

"a political economy of new media insists on examination of the circumstances that give rise to any given distribution of power and of the consequences to consumers and citizens". (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/762/1/NMISsnt2.pdf)

"Marxism is a particular political philosophy, economic and sociological world view based upon a materialistic interpretation of history".(Marcism wiki)

=>Pluralism:'A social organisation in which diversity of racial or religious or ethnic or cultural groups is tolerated'.(wordnet.com)

=>Globalization of Media: Key Issues and Dimensions, Mirza Jan,(2009)

"personal and social consequences of any medium result from the new scale that is introduced into our affairs by each extension of ourselves, or by any new technology"
(http://individual.utoronto.ca/markfederman/article_mediumisthemessage)

"Globalisation' is often portrayed as a positive force which is unifying widely different societies, integrating them into a 'global village' and enriching all in the process."

=>Cultural imperialism:'western Nations dominate the media around the world which in return effects on third world culture by imposing them western views and therefore destroying narrative culture'. (Schiller, H.J (1973) communication and cultural domination)

=>Past conalisation:'Post modern intellectual discourse that consists of reactions to and analysis of the cultural legacy of conalism'. (Wiki)

Further links:
why has Twitter not failed:
http://techcrunch.com/2008/08/10/why-twitter-hasnt-failed-the-power-of-audience/
FACEBOOK:
http://techcrunch.com/tag/facebook/
social networking:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2011/jan/22/social-networking-cyber-scepticism-twitter
socaity and trend:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/social-trends

Powerpoint!

CASE STUDY 1: Represntation of young female celebrities in Gossip Magazine.

Mr bush representation case study

View more presentations from kareenaa.

Media Magazine: Relevant articles.

Articles found:

• Women and Film – research findings
• Theorists: a beginners’ guide to... Laura Mulvey
  Lucy Scott-Galloway, Media Magazine 21, September 2007, Film special, New online September 2008, Representation, Gender, Feminist, Film theory
• Global Marxism From Media Magazine 27, the 'foreign' issue, February 2009. See downloadable pdf. Added to the online archive September 2009
• Analysing page layout and design
  Lucy Scott-Galloway, Media Magazine 23, February 2008, New online September 2008, Print special, Charity advertising, Design and layout, Visual literacy, Ideology

I looked through a few articles and found the four listed above, however i was not able to find much for my critical investigation. I did not find the articles useful, but there are many articles on Reality TV and horror films which others in the class may find useful.

(Media Magazine) WEB LINK: http://www.englishandmedia.co.uk/mm/index.html

Is reality becoming more real? The rise and rise of UGC

What is meant by the term ‘citizen journalist’?
The term ‘Citizen Journalist’ means members of the public (‘ordinary people’) capture an event which is consider being important. They become producers when they upload the texts on sites such as YouTube. They are also referred to as accidental journalists' or 'grassroots journalists.


b. What was one of the first examples of news being generated by ‘ordinary people’?
The first ever text that was generated by an ‘ordinary person’ was the Rodney King incident which was captured by George Holliday. This was when he captured the event of Rodney King and the four police officers. As the officers surrounded him, tasered him and beat him with clubs. The event was filmed by George from his apartment window; Later the home-video footage made prime-time news and became an international media sensation, and a focus for complaints about police racism towards African-Americans.

c. List some of the formats for participation that are now offered by news organisations.
• Message boards
• Chat rooms
• Q&A, polls
• Have your says
• And blogs with comments enabled.

d. What is one of the main differences between professionally shot footage and that taken first-hand (UGC)?
The difference between professional shot footage and UGC footage is that the User Generated Content is hard-hitting and emotive. Therefore news is now considered to be old fashioned if it lacks the low quality grainy style of footage that is proved by citizen journalists.

e. What is a gatekeeper?
The organisation which decides the types of text that is/is not news and whether it will broadcast the content provided by the Citizen journalists is called a gatekeeper as they in other words filter the content for publication.

f. How has the role of a gatekeeper changed?
A gatekeepers job role has changed as it’s has become more important because before it had very little access to self-representation before such as youth groups, low income groups, and various minority groups may but now it has gained its own voice through the use of citizen journalism.

g. What is one of the primary concerns held by journalists over the rise of UGC?
The main concern held by journalists over the rise of UGC is that they are no longer needed in event as ‘ordinary people’ have become their own journalists and product better content. Therefore journalists fear that they will no longer have jobs in the future and leaving large organisation out of jobs as smaller core staff will manage and process UGC from citizen journalists, this is called ‘crowd sourcing.’

Is reality becoming more real? The rise and rise of UGC

Sara Mills explores the rise of the citizen journalist and considers the impact of user-generated content on news stories, the news agenda, and the role of the professionals.


The main point of the article are listed below: (summarization)

• Now new technologies mean that the audience are no longer passive receivers of news.

• Audience have become ‘users’ and the users have become publishers.

• This shows the rise of UGC as audiences now create their own content. Therefore the old divide between institution and audience is being eroded.

• Audience have more access to technology and new digital media, it allows them to use in a more complex way.

• A major change has been the development of new technologies such as video phones and the growth of the Internet and user-dominated sites. As this content it available a wide range of audience.

• There is a rise of ‘citizen journalist’, as normal people create their own news by the use of media technologies. E.g records an event on their phone + YouTube.

• By 1991 people could afford more new technological devises such as video camera as it become more common and this was the very fist sign of the rise in new technological advance .

• It allows people capture moments which can change their lives, such as the George Holliday case over the ‘Rodney King’ incident.

• This incident was the very first examples of the news being generated by ‘ordinary people,.

• ‘citizen journalists’, ‘grassroots journalists’, or even ‘accidental journalists’ are other names used for ‘ordinary people’.

• The power to make and break news has moved beyond the traditional news institutions as over the year millions of people has produced their own footage and have become citizen journalists.

• UGC has become the more powerful than ever as people use social media sites such as Bebo, MySpace, YouTube and Facebook to create UGC.

• More and more people use UGC sites to access news such as Wikipedia news, Google news and YouTube score highly in terms of where people go to get their news. This is a much faster way on accessing the news and gossip with a click of a button.

• Social networking site provide world-wide news. This is because everyone wants to have their moment of fame and the desire for everyone to tell their own story may explain the huge popularity of social networking sites such as Facebook.

• In today’s society the news now seems to have become over shadowed and old-fashioned as it lacks the raw, grainy low-quality footage provided by citizen journalists.

Examples of UGC are Youtube,Google and Social networking Sites.

Audience theory: the reception theory is a basic acceptance of the meaning of a specific text, this occurs when a group of readers have a shared cultural background and interpret the text in similar ways. Also the meaning of a text is not inherent within the text itself, but is created within the relationship between the text and the reader.

Audience become more powerful and institutions lose money alongside the journalists as citizen journalist become more popular and a major rise is UGC is produced.

WEB LINK:
http://www.englishandmedia.co.uk/mm/subscribers/downloads/archive_mm/_mmagpast/MM30_UGC.html